Filadelfia is a town in the Gran Chaco desert of western Paraguay and is the capital of the Boquerón department. It is the centre of the Fernheim Mennonite colony, the largest of the three in the country. Founded in 1930, it lay near the front of the Chaco War, but was little affected. It became divided in the Second World War, with some of the originally German colonists supporting the Nazis and later being expelled.

Today the town is home to a museum, a library, a radio station and a hospital. The colony's villages lie around Filadelfia, as do several labour camps, home to much of the area's native population, from the Chulupí, Lengua, Toba-Pilaga, Sanapaná and Ayoreo groups.